Since the first report on the emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China at the end of 2019, it has spread across 220 countries and territories, infected 160 million people, and caused the deaths of 3.3 million people as of J. This review encapsulates the efforts made in plant-based COVID-19 vaccine development, the strategies and technologies implemented, and the progress accomplished in clinical trials and preclinical studies so far. The clinical trial of the CoVLP vaccine could be concluded by the end of 2021, and the vaccine could be available for public immunization thereafter. Interim phase 2 clinical trial results have revealed the high safety and efficacy of the CoVLP vaccine, with 10 times more neutralizing antibody responses compared to those present in a convalescent patient’s plasma. Currently, two plant-based COVID-19 vaccine candidates, coronavirus virus-like particle (CoVLP) and Kentucky Bioprocessing (KBP)-201, are in clinical trials, and many more are in the preclinical stage. The potential of a plant-based system for rapid production at a commercial scale and for a quick response to an infectious disease outbreak has been demonstrated by the marketing of carrot-cell-produced taliglucerase alfa (Elelyso) for Gaucher disease and tobacco-produced monoclonal antibodies (ZMapp) for the 2014 Ebola outbreak. Several COVID-19 vaccines are being developed using different production systems, including plants, which promises the production of cheap, safe, stable, and effective vaccines. The high transmission rate and the emergence of diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants demand rapid and effective approaches to preventing the spread, diagnosing on time, and treating affected people. All rights reserved.The prevalence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in its second year has led to massive global human and economic losses. Furthermore, the scalability and the shorter process times of this method have the potential to significantly improve the productivity and economy for industrial production compared to zonal centrifugation.Īllantoic fluid Core bead chromatography Influenza Ovalbumin Ultracentrifugation.Ĭopyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. The results demonstrate that core bead chromatography is fully comparable to zonal centrifugation in removing ovalbumin to meet regulatory requirements. Here we present Capto Core 700, a novel core bead chromatographic flow through mode resin for removal of ovalbumin and compare it to sucrose zonal gradient ultracentrifugation, which is the industry standard for egg-based vaccine production. Consequently, efficient reduction of ovalbumin is critical during egg based vaccine manufacturing. The presence of ovalbumin, which can constitute over 60% of the total protein content in allantoic fluid, can result in severe allergies. The vast majority of influenza vaccines are still produced with allantoic fluid from fertilized chicken eggs. Vaccination is the most effective prevention strategy to avoid influenza infection and for protection of large populations.
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